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Marija Alseikaitė-Gimbutienė, widely known as Marija Gimbutas, was a prominent archaeologist and anthropologist of the 20th century. She is renowned for her groundbreaking research on the prehistoric societies of Old Europe, particularly the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of Southeastern Europe. Gimbutas' studies shed light on the significant role of women in these ancient civilizations and challenged traditional views of prehistoric societies.