Pope Martin IV excommunicated which emperor?
Charles I of Naples
Henry II
Frederick The Warlike
Michael VIII Palaiologos
Answer
The excommunicated emperor was Michael VIII Palaiologos, the Byzantine emperor from 1259 to 1282. Pope Martin IV took this action in 1281 due to Michael's attempts to reunite the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, an effort known as the Second Council of Lyon. This excommunication further strained the already tense relationship between the Byzantine Empire and the Catholic Church.
The Papal Pursuit: Unraveling the Legacy of Pope Martin IV
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