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Mary Douglas Leakey, a renowned paleoanthropologist, was born Mary Douglas Nicol in London in 1913. She married Louis Leakey in 1936 and became an integral part of his groundbreaking research in East Africa. Mary Leakey's significant contributions to the field include the discovery of the first complete skull of Proconsul africanus, an extinct ape-like creature, and the identification of the remains of Homo habilis, an early hominin species.