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Born on October 6, 1552, Matteo Ricci was an Italian Jesuit missionary in China during the late Ming dynasty. Known for his extensive contributions to cultural exchange between China and Europe, Ricci introduced Western scientific knowledge, including mathematics, astronomy, and cartography, to the Chinese imperial court. He also mastered the Chinese language and Confucian classics, becoming one of the first Westerners to deeply understand Chinese culture and philosophy.