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Boulton’s “cartwheel” pennies, also known as the copper pennies of 1797, were the first copper British pennies minted in over a century. They were designed by the renowned engineer Matthew Boulton and distinguished by their large size and distinctive shape, resembling a cartwheel. Boulton’s cartwheel pieces played a significant role in addressing the shortage of small change during that era and influenced future British coinage designs.