What personal challenge influenced Horkheimer's outlook on authority?
Youth activism
Family dynamics
Exile
Academic setbacks
Answer
Exile profoundly shaped Horkheimer's perspective on authority. His experience as a Jewish intellectual during the rise of Nazism forced him to confront the fragility of democratic institutions and the dangers of unchecked power. This personal challenge led him to develop a critical theory of society that emphasized the role of authority in perpetuating social injustice and oppression.
Exploring the Mind of Max Horkheimer: A Deep Dive into Critical Theory
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