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Edith Stein (1891–1942) was a German philosopher, a phenomenologist, a Roman Catholic religious sister, and a martyr of the Holocaust. She studied under Max Scheler at the University of Göttingen. Her doctorate was on the experience of empathy. She taught philosophy at the University of Münster. She entered the Discalced Carmelites and was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1987. She was canonized in 1998.