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Maximilian I Joseph was also Duke of Zweibrücken and Prince-elector of Bavaria. He was born on May 28, 1727 in Schleissheim, Bavaria, to Elector Karl VII of Bavaria and Maria Amalia of Austria. Maximilian I Joseph was the only child of his parents to survive to adulthood. He was educated at the University of Ingolstadt and later served in the Bavarian army.