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Emperor Menelik II, born Sahle Mariam, reigned as the Emperor of Ethiopia from 1889 until his death in 1913. Known as the "Lion of Judah," he is celebrated for modernizing the country, expanding its territories, and establishing Addis Ababa as the capital. One of his significant achievements was the victory over Italian forces at the Battle of Adwa in 1896, securing Ethiopia's independence.