Who was Michael IX's co-ruler?
Constantine XI
Alexios I
Theodore I
Andronikos II
Answer
The co-ruler of Michael IX Palaiologos was his grandson, Andronikos II. Succeeding to the throne in 1272, they co-ruled the Byzantine Empire until Michael VIII's death in 1282, when Andronikos II became the sole ruler. Their co-rulership was marked by efforts to restore the empire's strength, including territorial expansion in Asia Minor, diplomatic initiatives with Western Europe, and the promotion of cultural and intellectual pursuits.
Deciphering the Byzantine Empire: The Michael IX Palaiologos Challenge
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