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The Soyuz 30 spacecraft, launched by the Soviet Union in 1978, carried two cosmonauts into space: Pyotr Klimuk and Mirosław Hermaszewski. Klimuk, the mission commander, and Hermaszewski, the first Polish cosmonaut to travel to space, spent eight days in orbit, conducting scientific experiments and observations as part of the Intercosmos program, which aimed to promote international space cooperation.