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Moctezuma II, the Aztec emperor, ruled over the vast Aztec Empire during the early 16th century. He ascended to the throne in 1502 and expanded the empire's territories through military conquests. Moctezuma II implemented significant administrative and religious reforms, making him a prominent figure in Aztec history. However, his reign came to an end with the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire led by Hernán Cortés in 1521.