What annual military action did Mu'awiya instigate during his rule?
Annual land and sea raids against the Byzantines
An annual pilgrimage to Mecca
An annual military parade
None of the above
Answer
Mu'awiya, who ruled the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 680, launched annual land and sea raids against the Byzantines. These raids were designed to weaken the Byzantines and to capture territory that had been lost in the early days of the Muslim conquests. The raids were also a source of revenue for the Umayyad state, as they captured slaves and other valuable goods.
Mastering Mu'awiya I: Unlocking the Legacy of the First Umayyad Caliph
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