Answer
Published in 1824, "Reflections on the Motive Power of Heat" by French physicist Sadi Carnot laid the foundation for thermodynamics. It introduced the concept of a reversible process, the Carnot cycle, and the efficiency of heat engines, influencing the development of the steam engine and refrigeration. Carnot's work provided a theoretical framework for understanding heat flow, energy conversion, and efficiency, making him a pioneer in the field of thermodynamics.