Answer
Valentin Pavlov succeeded Nikolai Ryzhkov as premier of the Soviet Union in September 1991, following Ryzhkov's resignation. Pavlov was a hardliner who opposed Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms, and his appointment was seen as a sign that Gorbachev was trying to shore up his support among conservatives. However, Pavlov was unable to prevent the collapse of the Soviet Union, and he resigned in December 1991.