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Trofim Lysenko was a Soviet agronomist who rose to prominence in the 1930s and 1940s as a critic of the work of Nikolai Vavilov, a Russian botanist and geneticist. Lysenko claimed that his methods of crop breeding were superior to Vavilov's, and he accused Vavilov of being a "Menshevik" and a "counter-revolutionary". Vavilov was eventually arrested and died in prison in 1943.