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The Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) was a South African social movement of the 1960s and 1970s. It rejected white liberal ideology and white paternalism, and instead promoted black pride, self-reliance, and self-determination. It also called for an end to racial discrimination and the liberation of all black people from white oppression. BCM was particularly influential among black students and intellectuals, and played a key role in the anti-apartheid struggle.