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Cell biologist Yoshinori Ohsumi is renowned for his groundbreaking research on autophagy, a fundamental cellular process that involves the degradation and recycling of cellular components. His discoveries have shed light on the mechanisms underlying various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes. Ohsumi's work has revolutionized our understanding of cellular homeostasis and has earned him the prestigious Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2016.