Answer
Iron lungs, a form of negative pressure ventilation, were pioneered in the early 20th century to address respiratory illnesses. These airtight chambers enabled individuals with severe breathing impairments, like Paul Alexander, to survive by assisting in the expansion and contraction of their lungs, thus ensuring adequate ventilation and oxygenation. However, with advancements in medical technology and respiratory therapies, the use of iron lungs has significantly declined.