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In 2009, Peter Doherty's immune system research was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland. This was in recognition of his work on the immune system, which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Rolf Zinkernagel in 1996. Doherty's research has helped to understand how the body's immune system fights off infection and disease, and has led to the development of new vaccines and treatments.