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The Ptolemaic Kingdom, founded by Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian general under Alexander the Great, emerged as a Hellenistic state in ancient Egypt following Alexander's death in 323 BCE. Ptolemy established himself as the ruler of Egypt and his dynasty maintained control over the region for nearly three centuries, leaving a lasting impact on Egypt's cultural, economic, and political spheres, known as the Hellenistic period in Egypt.