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Rashid al-Din Hamadani was a 13th-century Persian scholar, physician, historian, geographer, and statesman. He was born into a Jewish family in Hamadhan, Iran, and converted to Islam at the age of 30. Hamadani was a prolific writer, and his works include the Encyclopaedia of the Brethren of Purity, a history of the world, and a book on medicine.