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Robert Curl, along with Richard Smalley and Harold Kroto, received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996 for their discovery of fullerenes, a new class of carbon molecules. Curl and Smalley, both from Rice University, played a crucial role in the experimental confirmation of the existence of fullerenes, which are hollow, cage-like structures made of carbon atoms. Their work opened up new avenues in nanotechnology and materials science.