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Rudolf Mössbauer shared the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics with Robert Hofstadter. Both scientists made significant contributions to the field of physics. Hofstadter's work focused on electron scattering using high-energy electron beams, leading to insights into the structure of the proton and atomic nuclei. On the other hand, Mössbauer conducted pioneering research on gamma rays which enabled the development of a spectroscopy technique now widely used in various scientific fields.