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The 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded jointly to Roger Penrose, Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez for their work on black holes. Penrose's work in the 1960s on gravitational singularities, including the black hole singularity theorems, provided Theoretical foundation for the existence of black holes. Genzel and Ghez led observational campaigns that provided the first direct evidence for the existence of black holes.