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Born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, Samuel Morse is best known for inventing the single-wire telegraph and the Morse code, making significant contributions to the field of communication. He demonstrated the telegraph for the first time in 1838 and successfully transmitted the famous message, "What hath God wrought!" over a telegraph line between Baltimore and Washington, D.C. Morse's innovations revolutionized long-distance communication and laid the foundation for the development of modern telecommunications.