Answer
Ruhnama, authored by Saparmurat Niyazov, the former president of Turkmenistan, served as an ideological foundation for the nation and was required reading in schools. It combined elements of history, philosophy, and self-help, promoting Niyazov's political and social philosophies while portraying him as a visionary leader. The book held a prominent place in shaping the country's identity and was considered a cornerstone of Turkmen culture and education during Niyazov's presidency.