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Sergei Korolev was the director of the Soviet space program from 1957 until his death in 1966. He was responsible for the development and launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, in 1957, and the first manned space flight, Vostok 1, in 1961. Korolev was a brilliant engineer and a visionary leader, and his work had a profound impact on the history of space exploration.