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Canadian-born mathematician and astronomer Simon Newcomb made significant contributions to the fields of celestial mechanics, navigation, and the study of the motion of the moon and planets. He played a key role in developing the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, a navigational reference essential for seafarers and astronomers. Newcomb's work also extended to the realm of economics, where he delved into the intricacies of taxation and the distribution of wealth.