Answer
The answer, "Ontogeny and Phylogeny," represents Stephen Jay Gould's groundbreaking work that examines the relationship between the development of an organism (ontogeny) and the evolutionary history of its species (phylogeny). Gould argues that these two aspects are deeply intertwined, challenging the traditional separation between embryology and evolutionary biology. His comprehensive analysis underscores the significance of understanding the developmental processes to elucidate the evolutionary trajectories of species.