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Born on November 30, 1817, Theodor Mommsen was a German classical scholar and historian known for his expertise in ancient Rome. His monumental work, "Römische Geschichte" (Roman History), is considered a foundational text in the field of Roman studies, spanning from the earliest times to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Mommsen's meticulous research and critical analysis made him one of the most influential historians of the 19th century.