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Carper was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1983 to 1993. He was first elected to the House in 1982, defeating incumbent Republican John Helsel. Carper served on the Committee on Ways and Means, the Committee on Budget, and the Committee on Energy and Commerce. In 1992, Carper was elected to the U.S. Senate, defeating Republican incumbent William V. Roth, Jr.