Answer
Lysenkoism, a pseudoscientific theory favored by Soviet biologist Trofim Lysenko, championed the inheritance of acquired characteristics. It posited that organisms could pass on traits gained during their lifetime to their offspring, challenging traditional genetic principles. Lamarckism, a theory proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in the 18th century, shared this concept of inheritance of acquired characteristics and heavily influenced Lysenko's ideas.