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The Quran, the central religious text of Islam, underwent a process of standardization during the reign of Uthman ibn Affan, the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. Prior to Uthman's caliphate, variations existed in the written copies of the Quran, leading to discrepancies in recitations and potential confusion. To address this, Uthman initiated a project to compile and establish a definitive version of the Quran.