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2009 was the year Venki Ramakrishnan won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He shared the award with Thomas Steitz and Ada Yonath for their work on the structure and function of the ribosome, a complex molecular machine that plays a central role in protein synthesis. Ramakrishnan's research provided detailed insights into the ribosome's structure and function, which has implications for understanding antibiotic resistance and developing new antibiotics.