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Queen Juliana was the reigning monarch of the Netherlands when Willem-Alexander was born on 27 April 1967. Her reign began in 1948 following the abdication of her mother, Queen Wilhelmina. During her reign, the Netherlands experienced significant social and economic changes, including the decolonization of Indonesia and the establishment of the European Economic Community. Queen Juliana abdicated in 1980 in favor of her eldest daughter, Beatrix.