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"Sin" and "cos," abbreviations for sine and cosine, were introduced by William Oughtred, a 17th-century English mathematician. These abbreviations, along with "tan" for tangent, simplified trigonometric notation and calculations, making them more accessible and efficient for mathematicians, scientists, and engineers. Oughtred's contributions to simplifying mathematical notations, including these abbreviations, had a significant impact on the advancement of mathematics and its applications.