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The "Constitution of the Lacedaemonians" is a treatise by the Greek historian Xenophon, written in the 4th century BCE. It describes the social and political system of Sparta, one of the most powerful and influential city-states in ancient Greece. Xenophon's work provides valuable insights into the unique and highly disciplined society of Sparta, which was known for its military prowess and its emphasis on physical fitness and obedience.