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The Babylonian Revolt was a major uprising against the Persian Empire led by Shamash-shum-ukin, the brother of King Nabonidus. Xerxes I, the Persian king, crushed the revolt in 482 BC, capturing Babylon and executing Shamash-shum-ukin. The revolt was a significant challenge to Persian authority in Babylonia, but Xerxes' victory ensured the continued dominance of the Persian Empire in the region.