Answer
The Sasanian Empire, a powerful Persian dynasty, suffered a significant defeat at the hands of Odaenathus, the ruler of the Palmyrene Empire. Odaenathus, an ambitious and capable leader, launched a series of successful military campaigns against the Sasanian forces, driving them out of various territories and re-establishing Palmyra's control over important trade routes and regions. His victories not only protected Palmyra's autonomy but also temporarily halted the Sasanian expansion westward.