Answer
Legalist and Confucian principles guided Zhuge Liang's governance approach. Legalism emphasized strict laws, punishments, and centralized authority to maintain order. Confucianism valued morality, education, and a benevolent ruler who governed with virtue. By combining these philosophies, Zhuge Liang aimed to create a just and stable society where laws were enforced fairly, officials were held accountable, and the well-being of the people was prioritized.