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Born on 7 March 731, Abd al-Rahman I, the founder of the Umayyad dynasty in Spain, played a pivotal role in shaping the Iberian Peninsula's history and culture. After the fall of the Umayyad caliphate in Damascus, he established an independent emirate in Córdoba, ushering in a period of intellectual, artistic, and economic prosperity known as the "Golden Age of Andalusia."