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Madinat al-Zahra, also known as Azahara, was a luxurious palatine city built by the Umayyad caliph Abd-ar-Rahman III as his royal residence in the early 10th century. Located near Córdoba, Spain, it served as the administrative and cultural center of the caliphate. The city featured magnificent palaces, gardens, mosques, and various amenities, showcasing the splendor and power of the Umayyad dynasty during its peak.