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Mantua, a city in northern Italy, was closely associated with Castiglione. Castiglione, a Renaissance courtier and diplomat, spent much of his life in Mantua, serving as an advisor to the Gonzaga family, who ruled the city. He wrote his famous work, "The Book of the Courtier," while living in Mantua, and it reflects the courtly culture and ideals of the Gonzaga court.