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The Second Battle of Kharkov, a major defeat for Timoshenko in mid-1942, was a significant setback for the Soviet Union during World War II. The German counteroffensive, led by Field Marshal Erich von Manstein, resulted in the recapture of Kharkov and the encirclement and destruction of several Soviet armies. Timoshenko's forces suffered heavy losses, and the defeat marked a turning point in the war on the Eastern Front.