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Osheroff shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics with David Lee and Robert C. Richardson for their discovery of superfluidity in liquid helium-3. They discovered that helium-3 can be cooled to a temperature below 2.17 kelvins (-455.87 degrees Fahrenheit), at which point it becomes a superfluid, a state in which it flows without resistance. This discovery led to new understanding of the properties of matter at very low temperatures.