Answer
The Safavid Empire, centered in present-day Iran, reached its peak in the 16th and 17th centuries, encompassing territories that now constitute at least six modern-day countries. These include Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, and parts of Afghanistan, Turkey, and Pakistan. The empire's rule was characterized by a blend of Persian culture, Shia Islam, and military prowess, leaving a lasting impact on the region's history and cultural heritage.