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United States European Command (USEUCOM) was led by James L. Jones, a retired United States Marine Corps general. USEUCOM is responsible for military operations in Europe, including the Balkans, the Caucasus, and the Middle East. Jones served as the commander of USEUCOM from 2003 to 2006, during which time he oversaw the transition of the command from a Cold War-era organization to one focused on post-9/11 security challenges.