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Knockout mice, a groundbreaking gene technology developed by Capecchi, revolutionized genetic research. This technique allows scientists to selectively inactivate specific genes in mice, studying their function and role in various biological processes and diseases. By disrupting targeted genes, researchers gain insights into gene function, contributing to advancements in genetics, physiology, and medicine. Knockout mice have become indispensable tools in dissecting complex genetic pathways and understanding human diseases.