Answer
Cathode rays, the subject of Philipp Lenard's renowned studies, consist of streams of electrons emitted from the cathode of a discharge tube. Lenard's meticulous investigations into these rays, particularly their ability to penetrate thin metal foils and produce fluorescence in certain materials, laid the foundation for our understanding of electron behavior. His contributions greatly advanced the field of physics, opening doors to further exploration and practical applications of electron-based technologies.